Gemstones are minerals or stones found in nature that need to be cut and polished for use as jewelry. Polishing stones for jewelry is an art as well as skill. The polished stones look beautiful, durable and are used to make jewelry. The rocks are cut to give it the shape and the glitter using either machines or by hand.

A summary of the techniques used for cutting and polishing gems:

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• Sawing
• Grinding
• Sanding
• Lapping
• Polishing
• Drilling
• Tumbling

With the above techniques, gemstones are given the following forms:

• Cabochons
• Faceted stones
• Beads and spheres
• Inlays
• mosaics
• Cameos and intaglios
• Sculptures

The process of cutting gemstones

The cutting of precious stones is called faceting. Usually a simple machine is used to grind the facet of the stone to cut and polish it. The machine is a simple machine that has a grinding plate called the lap and a set of protractors that hold the stone. The person working on this machine is called the faceter who controls the machine to grind the face of the stone and polish it.

The natural uncut stone is selected for its color, shape, clarity and the facet which can be cut and polished without cracking the stone. According to the shape of the stone, the design is selected. The unwanted rough edges are grinded so that the protractors can grip it firmly.

To use the stone for jewelry, the biggest challenge is to orient the stone for a needle to pass through the center so that the facets reflect light like a kaleidoscope. The centre is determined after ensuring that the stone is not wobbly. Once this is determined, then the facets of the stone undergo the critical grinding process. Different angles are used to grind the facets so